Hay making season is over
Serve It Up BruceNZ (Information) ExchangeAlan Robb You Are FiredFinding Sharp Knives in the NZX HaystackJob Summit Head Slashes Labour Costs 25%Over a series of posts in the past weeks I have examined some of the conflicts of interest that the NZX has in relation to its position as a regulator and a participant in the marketplace. I also looked at the failings of its self-regulating nature, in particularly the weakness of its own Conflict Management Policy in monitoring itself. Plenty of business media have had an attempt themselves at outlining the issues:
Fran O'SullivanJenni McManusSarah McDonaldAdam BennettRadio NZ's Media WatchThe conclusion is that there are at the very least many issues for authorities to review, those authorities being the Minister of Commerce and more so the Securities Commission.
While there can be no doubting that NZX is building shareholder value, there is very little, if any positive, comment at all about NZX as a regulator.
Even in the most supportive of pieces.
The general consensus is that the NZX is flouting its privilege to the best of its advantage. For that it cannot be faulted in maximizing its return to shareholders from its gifted position in the marketplace and therefore specialising in making hay from a collection of other land-owners paddocks while the sun is still shining.
But it is winter and the sun shouldn't be shining.
Why would a true centre-right government go soft on a monopolistic market participating regulator? One cross-subsidising using gains earned from its "information" regulatory activity, into that of an active market participant dealing in a merchant bankesque fashion?
Minister of Commerce, Simon Power just last week came out with commentary that he doesn’t see a problem with NZX or the Securities Commission in relation to what has been going on for the past years. Well, like an increasing number of commentators and experts in Securities Law, (being Stephen Franks) I beg to differ on NZX and media are now asking a few more questions regarding a report by Morningstar Fund Research titled “Global Fund Investor Experience” that brings into play the role and effectiveness of the Securities Commission itself. Among just a few articles written thus far:
David ChaplinBernard HickeyFiona RobertsonGareth VaughanBrian GaynorJust last week Power announced to
Stock Takes Adam Bennett:
"While some rebalancing of the respective roles and responsibilities may be required from time to time due to market developments, the Government has no plans to remove NZX's regulatory responsibilities or otherwise make the Securities Commission the 'sole regulator' for the sharemarket."I can understand and sympathise that Power is a new Minister and inherited this regulatory entanglement from a very soft-Minister in former union legal officer Lianne Dalziel, but from now on he has to be held responsible if he hides his head in the sand and does nothing but head-nods and hand shakes with the Men of the Board at NZX annual report functions on behalf of the Government as he did recently on
30th April 2009 .
Jane Diplock is the head of the Securities Commission, she is also the head of the entire worldwide securities commission’s International Organisation of Securities Commissions (IOSCO). A very senior role.
“Its member agencies represent 109 jurisdictions, including 81 from emerging markets, and regulate together more than 95% of the world's capital markets. IOSCO leads the thinking on ways to address the challenges for securities regulators amid today's capital market instability”. According to
Brian Gaynor :
Securities Commission chair Jane Diplock has made speeches in Brussels, Dubai, Milan, New York, Madrid, Manchester and Paris in the past twelve months and the Commission's travel expenditure has leapt from $140,000 to $564,000 per annum since she took up her position in September 2001.This is quite a staggering travel spend, even for a large corporate and if you were travelling first class and staying at The Burj. In comparison, King of the Bauble
Winston Peters in 2006 and 2007 spent less even with all his hangers-on. As did the last Trade and Prime Minister. There is nothing wrong with such a travel spend if it adds relevant commercial value but forgetting the dollars, it is a far more important observation as it represents that Diplock and one assumes senior officials are away a good proportion of the year from New Zealand where their primary focus should be running the New Zealand Securities Commission and lobbying for regulatory change and showing foresight where they see that it is too light-handed or insufficient.
All expenses paid international travel. As Foreign Minister, Mr Peters spent more than any other minister on overseas travel. Including accompanying officials and staff, Mr Peters' travel bill came to $460,231 in 2006 and $441,922 in 2007. Trade Minister Phil Goff and Prime Minister Helen Clark's travel bills have hovered between $220,000 and $340,000 a year.Some shots of "Plane Jane" Diplock. She's always on one.





Highlights from the latest
annual report of the Securities Commission from 2008:
- The Commission receives around $10 million in revenue per year, $6 million directly from government grants.
- Jane Diplock receives just $384,000 base salary and a $34,000 motor vehicle allowance.
- Commission members received $318,000 in time attendances in relation to work at the Commission.
- 15 employees receive more than $100,000 per annum, yet just 3 of those receive more than $200,000.
- In 2007 the travel and accommodation spend for the Commission was $477,000, rising to $564,000 in 2008.
I do not use the term "just" sarcastically. Given the enormity of her role as a regulator, the Chair of the Securities Commission and senior staff should be paid handsomely given
a good number are lawyers or accountants . Not a third or without the share schemes of their counterpart regulators at NZX. Should the "information" profits of NZX perhaps be redirected into the regulatory activities of the Securities Commission?
While Diplock has been pressing the flesh around the world in this role since 2005, it appears that not only the NZX boys and Weldon have been raiding the chicken coup, but her own Commission is in a state of international interrogation. And now according to Morningstar the Fund industry are at it too.
The collectivity of this behaviour from regulator through to market participant makes New Zealanders obsession with throwing money at property rather than into the Capital Markets, appear the height of sanity.
So what about this Morningstar report?Morningstar Inc is based in Chicago and is listed on the NASDAQ and has an operation in New Zealand. It employs over 2,000 employees worldwide (pre-financial crisis) and specializes in independent investment research. It has also produced a report on the state of
Global Funds from an Investor perspective . In that report New Zealand rates a D- which even at Massey University is a fail.
The report at page 3 stated "
the report should not be construed as grading each company's "fund industry". It aims much more broadly than that, in recognition of the fact that the mutual fund investor experience is shaped by more than the fund industry alone".
So its not just the fund managers getting a fail grade, it's the entire New Zealand industry including its regulator, the Securities Commission.
Like with the NZX, New Zealand is once again exposed internationally as failing in regulating, compliance and all important transparency.Of more concern than just the fail to Power must be this commentary at page 71 of the report:
“Mutual Fund investors in New Zealand are adequately protected by the existence of laws. However based on feedback we have received from fund companies, we believe that the New Zealand Securities Commission is not sufficiently resourced and has not been effective in achieving industry consensus across a range of issues”.The analyst's findings back up what my sources told me in compilation of my earlier work:
My sources at NZX state that the SC is underfunded and wished that I include that opinion here as they have sympathy towards their plight, as they do of their own Compliance staff at NZX.
Why is this the case?
I have conducted a thorough search of resources available and cannot find however a single time when Diplock has publicly reached out for more funding or expertise in her organization however.
Brian Gaynor has actually asked in 2008, where on earth was Diplock on issues to do with Finance companies? He answered his own question in Saturday's Herald column with the travel spend.
Morningstar Manager, Fund Analysis Chris Douglas says while he isn’t critical of the people doing the regulation, the issue is really around the regulators lack of resources. Morningstar also rated New Zealand down on tax issues and disclosure.What is a mutual fund?A mutual fund is a very generic term depending on what jurisdiction you are referring to, for a product where public investors can throw in smaller amounts of their money, held by a custodian and a fund manager enters into the financial markets and invests the collective fund as they see fit within the boundaries of the law and prospectus of the fund. They are not to be confused with hedge funds where the fund managers can participate in a much wider range of riskier activity, with investors usually restricted to what is called a "sophisticated" (high net wealth or qualified) investor.
For example, Fisher Funds Management Limited at 31 December 2008 owned 7.98% of NZX, sources now have it at 9%, close to the 10% cap, making it the largest security holder of the company. NZX's performance and that of the New Zealand market itself is boosted by the presence of well-regulated funds with good reputations and an increasing amount of investors in those funds that will increase the demand for the purchasing of shares. Another example of the interdependency of the financial industry.
Mutual funds have advantages over investing yourself as there is economies of scale, liquidity and the potential for more diversification than if you threw $10,000 at one stock on the sharemarket. The downside is that a fund manager can be hopeless, the prospectus can tell porkies about what the fund is going to do, taxes and of course large chunky fees.
In my experience with funds and fund managers, some onshore and others offshore, I would imagine a cat with paint on its paws and a Twister style chart of stocks could pick stocks, trades and investments with more accuracy. I have very little faith in fund managers worldwide who flog their wares to clients of mine so forgive the cynicism. There is a snake oil salesman element to the industry. There are some very good fund managers but rather like real estate salespeople, there are some extraordinarily bad ones and lots of them.
Fund managers brand themselves, rather like celebrity chefs. Like a bad restaurant where the chef over-extends his or her talents, the fund manager with the reputation for greatness may find his or her talents are spread far too thinly as well. When you think you are eating the celebrity chefs creations you are actually devouring his apprentices while the chef is busy having his tummy rubbed on a beach in Cancun.
New Zealanders all have Kiwisaver accounts now, hence are subject to a variety of "funds" in their everyday usage. They need to educate themselves about them. In doing so, there are large obstacles, nine years of "it's not your fault, we will bail you out" government being just one of them.
The prospectuses are generally fiddled with and manipulated to the advantage of everyone with their hands in the pie, the legal language is tightly worded and often highly creative, the uneducated investor has limited protection for their stupidity. Most investors into mutual funds are making their returns purely by the accident of choosing the right one, or the right financial advisor to put them into the right fund. But then I guess of every 10 prospectuses I read I would advise the client against investing in them on 9.9 occasions and provide pages of analysis of why. Which is why I guess I am a lawyer and not a financial advisor!
New Zealand was canned at page 10 of the Morningstar Report for lack of transparency and disclosure with respect to portfolio holdings. Meaning the investor cannot easily enough see what the fund is investing into. Again, similar to a blind trust situation. This is usually fine when the fund is doing well, but hell goes to pack when the fund isn't doing well and the investor wished to know what their exposure is in a falling market.
As I have previously blogged however, average New Zealand investors are traditionally financially illiterate. Parents failing their children in this regard as money and wealth is a taboo subject
in our culture. Finance Company collapses proved this recently where life savings disappeared into products that the depositors had no intention of ever understanding. New Zealand also has very ineffective anti-money laundering law and checks and balances in the banking system if the case involving Westpac this week is anything to go by.
Diplock is a stickler in her speeches made internationally that appear carefully crafted to say almost nothing, for this term “transparency”, yet let these words go noticed:
“New Zealand’s grade in the area of transparency in prospectus and shareholder reports is D-minus, and the country has the lowest score among all countries in our study.”They single out the lack of portfolio-holdings disclosure.
“Where the regulation is lacking, the mutual funds industry does not make up for it with voluntary disclosure”.And why would they really? They are too busy raiding the chicken coup with their mates at NZX while Diplock is in absentia.
In this absentia of travelling around the world, most disturbingly Diplock seems to have learned very little about the standards of other regulators. Else New Zealand wouldn't be collecting a "Diplock minus" in a comparative analysis of the entire industry such as this.
Are New Zealand regulatory regimes really so crash hot? If not, then the Securities Commission and NZX should be on top of making sure it is. Is it more regulation that is needed? Or better but less regulation in some areas? And more transparency and separation of conflicting duties?
So who has got the Power to fix all this?
It seems to not be Diplock, but a certain man called Simon.
Executive Summary1. Despite obvious continual issues of conflict, Simon Power has indicated he sees very little wrong with the regulation of the NZ Capital Markets and the role of NZX and Securities Commission as regulators.
2. Morningstar gave New Zealand the lowest rating for investor experiences in the mutual funds industry in the world, a D-.
3. The report stated that the Securities Commission was underfunded and incapable of gaining industry consensus on issues. This being the case the underfunded Securities Commission is in charge of reviewing NZX. How thorough can we expect this review to be?
4. The Securities Commission travel spend for 2007 and 2008 averaged more than $500,000 per annum and was larger than either of Winston Peters, Phil Goff or Helen Clark. Not significant for necessarily the amount spent, but the time spent out of New Zealand by senior people.
5. The Securities Commission Chair has not publicly complained of a lack of funding despite receiving just $10 million in "revenue".
6. The Securities Commission Chair is paid around
"one third a Weldon". With no bonus scheme.
7. Kiwisaver has meant a surge in funds in New Zealand, without a surge in investor education or transparency of these funds.
8. New Zealanders need to diversify away from their obsession of being capital-gain driven property investors, hence the financial sector needs to have a first class reputation to boost and then maintain confidence, not that of a D-.
9. New Zealanders will not do this if they continue to see funds and capital markets as hiding something and choose not to participate in them.
10. It is up to the Ministry of Commerce and Simon Power to lead a review and then implement recommended changes. Not to ignore the issues that are causing reputational embarrassment to the industry and these regulators.